Labhandih is a ward in Raipur (Zone 9) with ๐ข good livability livability (Score: 57.89/100, Grade: C).
Strengths: Air Quality, Open Area, Earthquake Safety · Needs improvement: Population Density, Nighttime Lights
Best suited for: Investors
Click any metric card to explore detailed parameters
Historical parameter scores over the past 14 data points 11 Mar โ 05 Apr 2026
| Parameter | Value | NAAQS Limit | Direction |
|---|---|---|---|
| AQI Good | 42 | 0โ50 Good | Lower is better |
| Air Quality Index โ a single number (0โ500) summarizing overall air pollution. Computed from the worst-performing pollutant. AQI โค50 is "Good"; above 200 is "Very Poor" and dangerous for sensitive groups. | |||
| PM2.5 | 20.61 ยตg/mยณ | โค40 ยตg/mยณ (24hr) | Lower is better |
| Fine particulate matter (diameter <2.5 ยตm). These ultra-fine particles penetrate deep into lungs and enter the bloodstream, causing respiratory disease, heart attacks, and reduced life expectancy. Main sources: vehicle exhaust, construction dust, industrial emissions, crop burning. | |||
| PM10 | 33.01 ยตg/mยณ | โค60 ยตg/mยณ (24hr) | Lower is better |
| Coarse particulate matter (diameter <10 ยตm). Includes dust, pollen, and mold spores. Causes coughing, aggravates asthma, and irritates eyes/throat. Less dangerous than PM2.5 but still a major concern in dusty cities like Raipur. | |||
| NOโ | 21.96 ยตg/mยณ | โค40 ยตg/mยณ (annual) | Lower is better |
| Nitrogen Dioxide โ reddish-brown gas from vehicle engines and power plants. Irritates airways, worsens asthma, and contributes to smog/acid rain formation. High NOโ is a strong indicator of traffic-related pollution. | |||
| SOโ | 6.16 ยตg/mยณ | โค50 ยตg/mยณ (24hr) | Lower is better |
| Sulfur Dioxide โ pungent gas from burning coal, oil, and industrial smelting (steel plants near Raipur). Causes burning sensation in nose/throat, breathing difficulty, and contributes to acid rain which damages buildings and vegetation. | |||
| CO | 0.36 mg/mยณ | โค2 mg/mยณ (8hr) | Lower is better |
| Carbon Monoxide โ colorless, odorless gas from incomplete combustion (vehicles, generators, burning biomass). Reduces blood's ability to carry oxygen, causing headaches, dizziness. High levels indoors can be fatal. Especially dangerous in enclosed/poorly ventilated areas. | |||
| Oโ | 9.56 ยตg/mยณ | โค100 ยตg/mยณ (8hr) | Lower is better |
| Ground-level Ozone โ unlike protective ozone in upper atmosphere, ground-level Oโ is harmful. Formed when sunlight reacts with vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions. Peaks in afternoon heat. Triggers chest pain, coughing, and throat irritation. Especially harmful for children and elderly. | |||
| NHโ | 8.89 ยตg/mยณ | โค400 ยตg/mยณ (24hr) | Lower is better |
| Ammonia โ a pungent gas from agricultural fertilizers, animal waste, sewage treatment, and some industrial processes. High concentrations irritate eyes, nose, and throat. Contributes to secondary PM2.5 formation through atmospheric reactions. | |||
Air quality is satisfactory. No health risk for the general population.
Enjoy outdoor activities freely. Good day for exercise in parks and open spaces.
No cardiovascular risk from air quality. Heart patients can be active normally.
Normal activity. Continue prescribed medications and exercise routine.
No special concern for elderly. Safe for morning/evening walks.
Enjoy outdoor walks and activities. Stay hydrated.
Safe for all family members including children. No restrictions on outdoor play.
Enjoy family outings, park visits, and outdoor sports. Great day for picnics!
No air quality concern for pregnant women. Safe for prenatal walks and exercises.
Continue prenatal exercises and walks. Stay well-hydrated with clean drinking water.
No respiratory concern. Asthma and COPD patients can be active outdoors.
Normal activity. Carry rescue inhaler as precaution. Great day for breathing exercises.
Excellent conditions for all outdoor sports and exercise. Full lung capacity available.
All outdoor sports are safe โ running, cycling, cricket, yoga in parks. Hydrate well!
| Parameter | Value | Ideal | Score | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TDS Very Good | 458.59 ppm | โค300 ppm | 75 /100 |
|
| Total Dissolved Solids โ measures dissolved minerals, salts & metals in water. High TDS makes water taste salty/bitter, can cause scaling in pipes, and may indicate contamination. BIS acceptable limit: 500 ppm. Lower is better | ||||
| pH Level Perfect | 7.01 | 6.5โ8.5 | 100 /100 |
|
| Measures acidity (pH<7) or alkalinity (pH>7) of water. Too acidic water corrodes pipes releasing metals; too alkaline causes scale buildup and bitter taste. Neutral pH 7.0 is ideal. BIS range: 6.5โ8.5. Closer to 7.0 is better | ||||
| Supply Extreme | 5.8 hrs/day | 24 hrs | 24 /100 |
|
| Hours of piped water supply per day. 24/7 continuous supply is ideal. Intermittent supply causes negative pressure in pipes, drawing in contaminants from surrounding soil. Also forces storage in tanks which increases bacterial growth. Higher is better | ||||
| Fluoride Perfect | 0.9 mg/L | โค1.0 mg/L | 100 /100 |
|
| Fluoride concentration in water. Small amounts (0.5โ1.0 mg/L) help prevent dental cavities, but excess fluoride (>1.5 mg/L) causes dental fluorosis (staining/pitting of teeth) and skeletal fluorosis (bone deformity). BIS limit: 1.0 mg/L (acceptable), 1.5 mg/L (max permissible). Lower is better | ||||
| Total (sum of 4 params) | 299/400 | |||
| Water Score (Total รท 4) Very Good | 74.79 /100 |
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| Parameter | Pre-Monsoon | Monsoon | Post-Monsoon | BIS Limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrate (NOโโป-N) | 20.71 mg/L | 14.59 mg/L | 16.40 mg/L | โค10.16 mg/L (as N) |
CWC reports nitrate as NOโโป-N. Converted to standard NOโโป (ร4.427) for BIS comparison:
| Station | Reported (as N) | As NOโโป | BIS Limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patharidih (Kharun) | 20.71 mg/L | ~91.7 mg/L | 45 mg/L | ๐ด 2ร over limit |
| Simga (Seonath) | 12.96 mg/L | ~57.4 mg/L | 45 mg/L | ๐ด Over limit |
| Gatora-2 (Arpa) | 29.87 mg/L | ~132.4 mg/L | 45 mg/L | ๐ด 3ร over limit |
| Parameter | What It Measures | Better Direction | BIS Standard |
|---|---|---|---|
| TDS | Total Dissolved Solids โ dissolved minerals, salts & metals. High TDS causes salty/bitter taste and pipe scaling. | โ Lower | โค500 ppm (acceptable) โค2000 ppm (max) |
| pH Level | Acidity/alkalinity of water. Too acidic corrodes pipes; too alkaline causes scale buildup. Best at neutral 7.0. | โ Closer to 7.0 | 6.5โ8.5 |
| Supply Hours | Hours of piped water per day. Intermittent supply draws contaminants into pipes and forces tank storage (bacterial growth). | โ Higher | 24 hrs (ideal) |
| Fluoride | Fluoride concentration. Small amounts prevent cavities; excess causes dental/skeletal fluorosis (bone damage). | โ Lower | โค1.0 mg/L (safe) โค1.5 mg/L (max) |
| Nitrate | NOโโป from agricultural runoff & sewage. Excess causes "blue baby syndrome" in infants and long-term health risks. | โ Lower | โค45 mg/L (as NOโโป) |
| Parameter | Value | Score | Benchmark | Weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ODF Status | ODF+ | 70 | ODF++ is best | 20% |
| Open Defecation Free certification. ODF means no open defecation. ODF+ adds solid/liquid waste management. ODF++ means all faecal sludge is safely managed and treated. | ||||
| Sewage Treatment Coverage | 40.00% | 40 | 100% ideal | 30% |
| Percentage of households connected to a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) or decentralized treatment system. Higher coverage means less untreated sewage entering water bodies. | ||||
| Drainage Coverage | 50.00% | 50 | 100% ideal | 25% |
| Storm water and waste water drainage network coverage. Proper drainage prevents waterlogging, mosquito breeding, and disease outbreaks during monsoon. | ||||
| Waste Collection | Daily | 80 | Daily (2x) is best | 15% |
| Door-to-door waste collection frequency. Daily (2x) = twice daily collection. Daily = once daily. Alt. Day = alternate days. More frequent collection reduces open dumping and disease vectors. | ||||
| Sewage Disposal Method | Septic Tank | 50 | Centralized STP best | 10% |
| How sewage is treated. Centralized STP = large treatment plant serving the sector/city. STP Connected = individual ward connected to STP. Septic Tank = on-site treatment. Open Drain = untreated discharge (worst). | ||||
The sanitation score is a weighted average of 5 parameters:
Score = (ODF ร 20%) + (Sewage Coverage ร 30%) + (Drainage ร 25%) + (Waste Collection ร 15%) + (Disposal Method ร 10%)
ODF = No open defecation · ODF+ = ODF + solid/liquid waste managed · ODF++ = All faecal sludge safely treated (gold standard under SBM)
Infrastructure quality assessed via 9 satellite datasets โ ESA WorldCover, GHSL Built Surface/Height/Volume/SMOD, VIIRS Nighttime Lights, Dynamic World, ALOS DEM, and Sentinel-2 indices. Data analysed at 1000m and 3000m buffer radii around each area's centroid via Google Earth Engine.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Avg Built Surface per Pixel | 0.0 mยฒ |
| Total Built Surface | 0 mยฒ |
| Built Surface Fraction | 632.5% |
| Avg Building Height | 1.71 m |
| Max Building Height | 9.5 m |
| Total Built Volume | 2,945,272 mยณ |
| Mean Built Volume per Pixel | 2,427.5 mยณ |
| Mean Elevation | 289.0 m | Slope (Mean) | 0.10ยฐ |
| Min Elevation | 279.0 m | Slope (Max) | 0.10ยฐ |
| Max Elevation | 317.0 m | Elevation Range | 38.0 m |
| Parameter | 1000m | 3000m | Average |
|---|---|---|---|
| Built-up (LULC) | 17.0% | 11.6% | 14.3% |
| Avg Bldg Height | 1.95 m | 1.46 m | 1.71 m |
| Night Radiance | 16.16 | 12.90 | 14.53 |
| Urbanization | 55.3 | 55.3 | 55.3 |
| Dynamic World Built | 50.7% | 40.1% | 45.4% |
| NDBI | 0.0312 | 0.0252 | 0.0300 |
| Impervious Surface | 11.9% | 9.3% | 10.6% |
| Mean Slope | 0.10ยฐ | 0.10ยฐ | 0.10ยฐ |
| Infra Score | 45.8 | 43.1 | 44.4 |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Avg Built Surface per Pixel | 729.4 mยฒ |
| Total Built Surface | 22,691,150 mยฒ |
| Built Surface Fraction | 722.3% |
| Avg Building Height | 1.95 m |
| Max Building Height | 9.5 m |
| Total Built Volume | 962,621 mยณ |
| Mean Built Volume per Pixel | 3,094.7 mยณ |
| Mean Elevation | 289.2 m | Slope (Mean) | 0.10ยฐ |
| Min Elevation | 282.0 m | Slope (Max) | 0.10ยฐ |
| Max Elevation | 317.0 m | Elevation Range | 35.0 m |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Avg Built Surface per Pixel | 548.1 mยฒ |
| Total Built Surface | 153,448,681 mยฒ |
| Built Surface Fraction | 542.7% |
| Avg Building Height | 1.46 m |
| Max Building Height | 9.5 m |
| Total Built Volume | 4,927,923 mยณ |
| Mean Built Volume per Pixel | 1,760.2 mยณ |
| Mean Elevation | 288.8 m | Slope (Mean) | 0.10ยฐ |
| Min Elevation | 276.0 m | Slope (Max) | 0.10ยฐ |
| Max Elevation | 317.0 m | Elevation Range | 41.0 m |
| Parameter | Risk Level | Score | Benchmark | Weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| River Flood Risk | High | 70 | Low (10) = Safest | 50% |
| Risk of flooding from rivers. Raipur drains into the Mahanadi basin via Kharun, Pairy, and Seonath rivers. Areas near the Kharun River corridor (Mowa, Kachna, Labhandi) face highest risk during monsoon. | ||||
| Urban Waterlogging | High | 70 | Low (10) = Safest | 50% |
| Risk of urban waterlogging due to inadequate storm-water drainage. RMC data shows 97% incidence of waterlogging in the city with a 52% drainage coverage gap. Dense old-city areas and lake overflow zones are most vulnerable. | ||||
Lower score = safer area. Score is a weighted average of 2 factors:
Score = (River Flood ร 50%) + (Waterlogging ร 50%)
| Parameter | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Soil Type | Soft saturated riverine | Primary differentiator โ soft soil amplifies earthquake shaking |
| Seismic Zone | Zone II | BIS IS-1893 classification (Zone II = lowest hazard in India) |
| PGA (475-yr) | 0.0155g | Peak Ground Acceleration for 475-year return period (~10% in 50 yrs) |
| PGA (2475-yr) | 0.0325g | Peak Ground Acceleration for 2475-year return period (~2% in 50 yrs) |
| Liquefaction Risk | Medium | Soil liquefaction potential during seismic events โ saturated soils are most susceptible |
| Raw Risk Score | 2/5 | 1/5 = safest (hard soil), 5/5 = highest risk (soft saturated soil in high zone) |
Mandatory soil investigation before multi-storey construction. Soft saturated riverine soils can amplify distant earthquake shaking. Liquefaction check advised per IS 1893 Annex F.
Lower score = safer area. Score based on soil amplification risk (the only differentiator since all of Raipur is BIS Zone II):
Score = Raw Soil Risk (1-5) mapped to 0-100 scale
Land Surface Temperature measures the radiative temperature of the ground from satellite thermal sensors. Higher LST indicates urban heat island effects โ more concrete, less shade, and higher energy use. Data is analysed at two buffer radii (1000m and 3000m) using Landsat 8/9 thermal infrared band at 30m resolution.
| Parameter | 1000m | 3000m | Average (Final) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Temp | 27.86ยฐC | 27.99ยฐC | 27.93ยฐC |
| Min Temp | -8.72ยฐC | -6.35ยฐC | -7.54ยฐC |
| Max Temp | 39.79ยฐC | 39.90ยฐC | 39.85ยฐC |
| LST Score | 68.6 | 68.0 | 68.3 |
The Mean Temperature (averaged across 1000m and 3000m buffers) is converted to a 0โ100 livability score using a linear scale:
โค20ยฐC โ 100 (coolest) | โฅ45ยฐC โ 0 (hottest) | This score is used in the composite livability calculation.
Open Area score measures the percentage of non-built-up land โ open spaces, parks, and room to breathe. Higher score means more open area. Data from ESA WorldCover 2021 at 10m resolution classifies every pixel as built-up or non-built-up.
| Parameter | 1000m | 3000m | Average (Final) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Built-up % | 17.0% | 11.6% | 14.3% |
| Open Space % | 83.0% | 88.5% | 85.7% |
| Score | 83.0 | 88.5 | 85.7 |
Nighttime light radiance captured by VIIRS satellite is a reliable proxy for economic activity and infrastructure quality. Brighter areas indicate better street lighting, commercial activity, and power supply reliability. Higher radiance = more developed and safer neighbourhoods.
| Parameter | 1000m | 3000m | Average (Final) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Avg Radiance | 16.324 | 13.078 | 14.701 |
| Score | 32.7 | 26.2 | 29.4 |
Surface water detection from JRC Global Surface Water dataset maps every water body worldwide at 30m resolution. Areas with lakes, ponds, rivers, and reservoirs score higher โ water bodies reduce urban heat, support ecosystems, and enhance quality of life.
| Parameter | 1000m | 3000m | Average (Final) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Permanent Water % | 0.00% | 68.38% | 34.19% |
| Seasonal Water % | 78.64% | 96.00% | 87.32% |
| Score | 30.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Population density estimates from WorldPop at 100m resolution indicate how crowded a neighbourhood is. Lower density areas tend to have less congestion, better air quality, more green space, and quieter living conditions. Data based on 2020 census integration with satellite imagery.
| Parameter | 1000m | 3000m | Average (Final) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 4,300 | 37,329 | 20,815 |
| Density (per kmยฒ) | 1,369 | 1,320 | 1,345 |
| Score | 93.2 | 93.4 | 93.3 |
Data sourced from TerraClimate (~4.6 km resolution). Analyses soil moisture, precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, and drought index (PDSI) to assess groundwater recharge conditions. Recharge = Precipitation โ ET โ Runoff. Positive recharge and higher soil moisture indicate healthy groundwater replenishment.
| Parameter | Value | Weight | Sub-Score | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soil Moisture Average annual soil moisture (0โ200 mm) |
138.1 mm | 30% | 69.1 /100 | |
| GW Recharge P โ ET โ Runoff (โ200 to +400 mm/yr) |
+1.0 mm/yr | 25% | 33.5 /100 | |
| PDSI (Drought Index) โ4 (severe drought) to +4 (very wet) |
2.99 | 20% | 87.4 /100 | |
| SM Trend Soil moisture change 2021โ2024 (โ50 to +50 mm) |
+0.0 mm | 15% | 50.0 /100 | |
| Precipitation Annual rainfall (800โ1800 mm/yr) |
1,855 mm/yr | 10% | 100.0 /100 | |
| Groundwater Score | 100% | 64.1/100 | ||
| Parameter | Value | Weight | Sub-Score | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soil Moisture Average annual soil moisture (0โ200 mm) |
138.6 mm | 30% | 69.3 /100 | |
| GW Recharge P โ ET โ Runoff (โ200 to +400 mm/yr) |
+0.9 mm/yr | 25% | 33.5 /100 | |
| PDSI (Drought Index) โ4 (severe drought) to +4 (very wet) |
2.98 | 20% | 87.2 /100 | |
| SM Trend Soil moisture change 2021โ2024 (โ50 to +50 mm) |
+0.0 mm | 15% | 50.0 /100 | |
| Precipitation Annual rainfall (800โ1800 mm/yr) |
1,854 mm/yr | 10% | 100.0 /100 | |
| Groundwater Score | 100% | 64.1/100 | ||
| Parameter | Value | Weight | Sub-Score | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soil Moisture Average annual soil moisture (0โ200 mm) |
137.7 mm | 30% | 68.8 /100 | |
| GW Recharge P โ ET โ Runoff (โ200 to +400 mm/yr) |
+1.1 mm/yr | 25% | 33.5 /100 | |
| PDSI (Drought Index) โ4 (severe drought) to +4 (very wet) |
3.01 | 20% | 87.6 /100 | |
| SM Trend Soil moisture change 2021โ2024 (โ50 to +50 mm) |
+0.0 mm | 15% | 50.0 /100 | |
| Precipitation Annual rainfall (800โ1800 mm/yr) |
1,855 mm/yr | 10% | 100.0 /100 | |
| Groundwater Score | 100% | 64.1/100 | ||
Moderate groundwater conditions. Underground water storage is adequate but may show seasonal variation. Monitor trends and consider water conservation practices.
No waterlogging data available for this area yet.
View Waterlogging Map| Category | Score | Level | Issues |
|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental Hazards | 12 |
|
1 |
| Roadside Dumping - Labhandih Highway (500m, medium) | |||
| Water & Drainage | 20 |
|
1 |
| Borewell-Dependent Water Supply (0m, high) | |||
| Air Pollution Sources | 0 |
|
0 |
| Infrastructure Stress | 18 |
|
1 |
| No Sewer Network - Labhandih (0m, high) | |||
| Land & Zoning Risks | 14 |
|
1 |
| Unplanned Colony Development (300m, medium) | |||
| Safety & Social | 12 |
|
1 |
| Isolated Dark Stretches at Night (200m, medium) | |||
| Future Threats | 0 |
|
0 |
| Health & Nuisance | 0 |
|
0 |
| Accessibility Risks | 18 |
|
1 |
| Hospital Access >20min Drive (8000m, high) | |||
Lower score = safer area. 0 means no risks found in that category.
Overall = Average of 9 category scoresCategory Score = Sum of severity weights (Low=5, Medium=12, High=20, Critical=25) โ capped at 100
Scored using OpenStreetMap data: sidewalks, crosswalks, footpaths, cycle paths, traffic signals, street lighting and road quality. This is a special experimental parameter not included in the composite score โ a differentiator no competing platform offers for Indian cities.
Poor walkability infrastructure. Minimal pedestrian facilities recorded. This is typical for developing areas โ infrastructure data may also be underreported in OpenStreetMap for this locality.
Scored using Google Maps and OpenStreetMap data: police stations, fire stations, hospitals, clinics, pharmacies and overall emergency coverage. This is a special experimental parameter not included in the composite score.
Moderate safety coverage. Most emergency services are accessible, though some may require a short drive. Hospital and pharmacy availability is reasonable.
| Category | Count | Max | Score | Progress |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospitals (500m) | 2 | 3 | 66 /100 |
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Hospitals (500m) โ 2 places within 500m
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| Hospitals (2km) | 18 | 5 | 100 /100 |
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Hospitals (2km) โ 18 places within 2km
View Full Details
6.
836 m
7.
843 m
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| Schools (1km) | 4 | 5 | 80 /100 |
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Schools (1km) โ 4 places within 1km
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| Markets (1km) | 14 | 3 | 100 /100 |
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Markets (1km) โ 14 places within 1km
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| Parks (500m) | 0 | 3 | 0 /100 |
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| BRTS/Bus Stop (1km) | 0 | 2 | 0 /100 |
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| Pharmacy (2km) | 4 | 3 | 100 /100 |
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Pharmacy (2km) โ 4 places within 2km
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| Banks (1km) | 0 | 3 | 0 /100 |
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| Restaurants (1km) | 16 | 5 | 100 /100 |
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Restaurants (1km) โ 16 places within 1km
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| Worship (1km) | 9 | 3 | 100 /100 |
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Worship (1km) โ 9 places within 1km
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| Transport Services (1km) | 4 | 4 | 100 /100 |
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Transport Services (1km) โ 4 places within 1km
View Full Details
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| Total (sum of 11 categories) | 746/1100 | |||
| Amenity Score (Total รท 11) | 67.82 /100 |
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Comparable to a busy restaurant or heavy traffic โ may cause some annoyance.
Noticeable noise โ may disturb light sleepers, consider soundproofing.
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) sets noise limits for different zone types. Here's how this area performs against the standards:
Distance to key noise sources from this location. Closer sources contribute more to noise levels.
| Source | Count (2 km) | Nearest (m) | Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Major Highways
Motorways, trunk & primary roads (high traffic volume) |
54 | 81 | Very High |
| Industrial Zones
Factories, manufacturing & industrial land use areas |
0 | N/A | Low |
| Railway Lines
Rail & light rail tracks (intermittent but high peak noise) |
0 | N/A | Low |
| Airport
Swami Vivekananda Airport (flight path noise) |
โ | 9.6 km | Moderate |
The Quiet Score (0โ100) measures how quiet and peaceful this area is. A higher score means a quieter, more livable area. The score uses 5 parameters:
| Factor | Weight | Value | Contribution | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Highway Proximity | 40% | 81m | 1.6 | Farther from highways = less traffic noise = higher score |
| Industrial Proximity | 25% | N/A | 25.0 | Farther from factories = less industrial hum = higher score |
| Railway Proximity | 15% | N/A | 15.0 | Farther from tracks = less train noise = higher score |
| Highway Density | 10% | 54 roads | 0.0 | Fewer major roads nearby = less cumulative traffic noise |
| Industrial Density | 10% | 0 zones | 10.0 | Fewer industrial zones = quieter residential environment |
| Total Quiet Score | 100% | โ | 51.6 | Higher score = quieter and more livable |
Raipur context: Raipur is a growing metropolitan area with expanding road networks and an industrial belt along the Siltara-Urla corridor. Nava Raipur (Atal Nagar) generally has wider roads with better setbacks, resulting in lower noise exposure. The WHO recommends daytime noise below 55 dB and nighttime below 40 dB for healthy living.
NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) is a satellite-based measurement that detects how green and healthy vegetation is from space. This data is analysed at two buffer radii โ 1000m and 3000m โ around the area centre using Landsat 8/9 OLI (estimated) satellite imagery at 30m resolution. The final green cover score is the average of both radii, giving a balanced view of your immediate neighbourhood (1km) and wider surroundings (3km).
Moderate greenery โ mix of gardens, roadside trees, and scattered vegetation. Typical of well-planned residential areas.
Below average green coverage. Scattered trees and small gardens are present, but green spaces are limited.
% of area with any meaningful greenerySome areas with thick tree cover โ likely parks, institutional campuses, or green belts.
% of area with thick tree cover / parksEach parameter is scored 0โ100 and combined using weighted averages:
| Parameter | Value | Weight | Sub-Score | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
NDVI Mean
Average greenness index. Scale: 0 (no plants) โ 0.5+ (lush forest). |
0.200 | 40% | 40 /100 |
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Vegetation Coverage
% of land with meaningful greenery (grass, shrubs, trees). |
27.6% | 30% | 27.6 /100 |
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Dense Green Cover
% of land with thick, healthy tree cover (parks, gardens, forests). |
11.5% | 20% | 23 /100 |
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Parks within 500m
Number of public parks/gardens within walking distance. |
0 | 10% | 0 /100 |
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| Averaged (1000m + 3000m) Green Score | 28.9 /100 |
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Limited greenery โ mostly built-up with scattered shrubs and individual trees. Common in dense commercial or old city areas.
Below average green coverage. Scattered trees and small gardens are present, but green spaces are limited.
% of area with any meaningful greenerySome areas with thick tree cover โ likely parks, institutional campuses, or green belts.
% of area with thick tree cover / parksEach parameter is scored 0โ100 and combined using weighted averages:
| Parameter | Value | Weight | Sub-Score | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
NDVI Mean
Average greenness index. Scale: 0 (no plants) โ 0.5+ (lush forest). |
0.159 | 40% | 31.8 /100 |
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Vegetation Coverage
% of land with meaningful greenery (grass, shrubs, trees). |
27.4% | 30% | 27.4 /100 |
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Dense Green Cover
% of land with thick, healthy tree cover (parks, gardens, forests). |
12.3% | 20% | 24.6 /100 |
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Parks within 500m
Number of public parks/gardens within walking distance. |
0 | 10% | 0 /100 |
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| 1000m Buffer Green Score | 25.9 /100 |
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Moderate greenery โ mix of gardens, roadside trees, and scattered vegetation. Typical of well-planned residential areas.
Below average green coverage. Scattered trees and small gardens are present, but green spaces are limited.
% of area with any meaningful greenerySome areas with thick tree cover โ likely parks, institutional campuses, or green belts.
% of area with thick tree cover / parksEach parameter is scored 0โ100 and combined using weighted averages:
| Parameter | Value | Weight | Sub-Score | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
NDVI Mean
Average greenness index. Scale: 0 (no plants) โ 0.5+ (lush forest). |
0.241 | 40% | 48.2 /100 |
|
|
Vegetation Coverage
% of land with meaningful greenery (grass, shrubs, trees). |
27.8% | 30% | 27.8 /100 |
|
|
Dense Green Cover
% of land with thick, healthy tree cover (parks, gardens, forests). |
10.6% | 20% | 21.3 /100 |
|
|
Parks within 500m
Number of public parks/gardens within walking distance. |
0 | 10% | 0 /100 |
|
| 3000m Buffer Green Score | 31.9 /100 |
|
||
| Parameter | 1000m | 3000m | Average (Final) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NDVI Mean | 0.159 | 0.241 | 0.200 |
| Vegetation % | 27.4% | 27.8% | 27.6% |
| Dense Green % | 12.3% | 10.6% | 11.5% |
| Barren % | 55.4% | 47.9% | 51.6% |
| Tree Canopy % | 15.0% | 20.7% | 17.9% |
| Green Score | 25.9 | 31.9 | 28.9 |
Below Average Green Cover
Limited greenery in this area. The urban heat island effect is likely noticeable โ expect hotter summers and more dust. Air quality may also be impacted. Look for areas with individual gardens or compound trees to partially offset this.
Consider: proximity to any nearby parks or green belts outside this immediate zone.
Raipur context: As per satellite LULC data, Raipur's urban green cover has been declining due to rapid construction. WHO recommends 9 sq.m green space per person โ most Indian cities fall short. Nava Raipur's planned sectors show higher NDVI due to mandatory green belt provisions.
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The Amenity Score for Labhandih is calculated by averaging 11 category sub-scores:
Each category scores 0-100 based on how many amenities are found within a specific radius:
| Category | Search Radius | Max Count for 100 | Points per Amenity | Formula |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospitals (500m) | 500m | 3 | 33 | min(100, count ร 33) |
| Hospitals (2km) | 2km | 5 | 20 | min(100, count ร 20) |
| Schools (1km) | 1km | 5 | 20 | min(100, count ร 20) |
| Markets (1km) | 1km | 3 | 33 | min(100, count ร 33) |
| Parks (500m) | 500m | 3 | 33 | min(100, count ร 33) |
| BRTS/Bus Stop (1km) | 1km | 2 | 50 | min(100, count ร 50) |
| Pharmacy (2km) | 2km | 3 | 33 | min(100, count ร 33) |
| Banks (1km) | 1km | 3 | 33 | min(100, count ร 33) |
| Restaurants (1km) | 1km | 5 | 20 | min(100, count ร 20) |
| Worship (1km) | 1km | 3 | 33 | min(100, count ร 33) |
| Transport Services (1km) | 1km | 4 | 25 | min(100, count ร 25) |
| Category | Found | Raw (count ร pts) | Capped at 100 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hospitals (500m) | 2 | 2 ร 33 = 66 | 66 |
| Hospitals (2km) | 18 | 18 ร 20 = 360 | 100 (capped) |
| Schools (1km) | 4 | 4 ร 20 = 80 | 80 |
| Markets (1km) | 14 | 14 ร 33 = 462 | 100 (capped) |
| Parks (500m) | 0 | 0 ร 33 = 0 | 0 |
| BRTS/Bus Stop (1km) | 0 | 0 ร 50 = 0 | 0 |
| Pharmacy (2km) | 4 | 4 ร 33 = 132 | 100 (capped) |
| Banks (1km) | 0 | 0 ร 33 = 0 | 0 |
| Restaurants (1km) | 16 | 16 ร 20 = 320 | 100 (capped) |
| Worship (1km) | 9 | 9 ร 33 = 297 | 100 (capped) |
| Transport Services (1km) | 4 | 4 ร 25 = 100 | 100 |
| Sum of all categories | 1817 | 746 | |
| Final Score = 746 รท 11 | 67.82/100 | ||
The Water Quality Score is a composite measure (0โ100) derived from key drinking water parameters based on WHO/BIS standards and ground-truth data from the CWC Hot Spots Report 2022 (Central Water Commission).
Water Score = (TDS Score + pH Score + Supply Score + Fluoride Score) รท 4
| Parameter | Condition | Score |
|---|---|---|
| TDS (mg/L) | โค 300 ppm | 100 |
| 301 โ 600 ppm | 75 | |
| 601 โ 900 ppm | 50 | |
| > 900 ppm | 25 | |
| pH Level | 6.5 โ 8.5 | 100 |
| 6.0 โ 6.5 or 8.5 โ 9.0 | 70 | |
| < 6.0 or > 9.0 | 30 | |
| Water Supply | 24 hrs/day | 100 |
| Less than 24 hrs | (hours รท 24) ร 100 | |
| Fluoride | โค 1.0 mg/L | 100 |
| 1.1 โ 1.5 mg/L | 60 | |
| > 1.5 mg/L | 20 |
| Parameter | Value | Score |
|---|---|---|
| TDS | 458.59 ppm | 75 |
| pH Level | 7.01 | 100 |
| Supply | 5.8 hrs/day | 24 |
| Fluoride | 0.9 mg/L | 100 |
Water Score = (75 + 100 + 24 + 100) รท 4 = 74.79/100
| Station | River | Parameter | Pre-Monsoon | Monsoon | Post-Monsoon | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patharidih | Kharun | Nitrate (NOโโป-N) | 20.71 mg/L | 14.59 mg/L | 16.40 mg/L | ๐ด Hotspot all 3 seasons |
| Simga | Seonath | Nitrate (NOโโป-N) | 12.96 mg/L | โ | 11.95 mg/L | ๐ Hotspot pre & post monsoon |
Patharidih on the Kharun river (flows through Raipur city) is the most critical hotspot โ it exceeded the BIS nitrate limit (45 mg/L as NOโโป = 10.16 mg/L as N) in all three seasons of 2022. The Kharun is a direct tributary of the Seonath, which feeds into the Mahanadi, forming Raipur's primary water source basin.
Simga on the Seonath river (boundary of Raipur & Durg districts) also showed persistent nitrate exceedance in pre- and post-monsoon seasons.
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a standardised indicator (0โ500) that communicates how polluted the air currently is. A lower AQI means cleaner air.
The overall AQI equals the highest sub-index among all measured pollutants. Each sub-index is calculated by linear interpolation between CPCB/EPA breakpoints for that pollutant's concentration.
| AQI Range | Category | Health Impact |
|---|---|---|
| 0 โ 50 | Good | Minimal impact |
| 51 โ 100 | Satisfactory | Minor breathing discomfort to sensitive people |
| 101 โ 200 | Moderate | Breathing discomfort to people with lung/heart disease |
| 201 โ 300 | Poor | Breathing discomfort on prolonged exposure |
| 301 โ 400 | Very Poor | Respiratory illness on prolonged exposure |
| 401 โ 500 | Severe | Affects healthy people; serious impact on those with existing diseases |
Each pollutant's sub-index is calculated using linear interpolation:
Ip = ( (IHi โ ILo) / (BPHi โ BPLo) ) ร (Cp โ BPLo) + ILo
| AQI | PM2.5 (ยตg/mยณ) 24-hr avg |
PM10 (ยตg/mยณ) 24-hr avg |
NOโ (ยตg/mยณ) 24-hr avg |
SOโ (ยตg/mยณ) 24-hr avg |
CO (mg/mยณ) 8-hr avg |
Oโ (ยตg/mยณ) 8-hr avg |
NHโ (ยตg/mยณ) 24-hr avg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good (0โ50) | 0โ30 | 0โ50 | 0โ40 | 0โ40 | 0โ1.0 | 0โ50 | 0โ200 |
| Satisfactory (51โ100) | 31โ60 | 51โ100 | 41โ80 | 41โ80 | 1.1โ2.0 | 51โ100 | 201โ400 |
| Moderate (101โ200) | 61โ90 | 101โ250 | 81โ180 | 81โ380 | 2.1โ10 | 101โ168 | 401โ800 |
| Poor (201โ300) | 91โ120 | 251โ350 | 181โ280 | 381โ800 | 10.1โ17 | 169โ208 | 801โ1200 |
| Very Poor (301โ400) | 121โ250 | 351โ430 | 281โ400 | 801โ1600 | 17.1โ34 | 209โ748 | 1201โ1800 |
| Pollutant | Value | Unit | Category Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 | 20.61 | ยตg/mยณ | Good |
| PM10 | 33.01 | ยตg/mยณ | Good |
| NOโ | 21.96 | ยตg/mยณ | Good |
| SOโ | 6.16 | ยตg/mยณ | Good |
| CO | 0.36 | mg/mยณ | Good |
| Oโ | 9.56 | ยตg/mยณ | Good |
| NHโ | 8.89 | ยตg/mยณ | Good |
Overall AQI = max of all sub-indices = 42 Good
| AQI Range | Air Quality Score (for Livability) | Method |
|---|---|---|
| 0 โ 500 | max(0, 100 โ AQI) | Inverted: lower AQI = higher livability |
For Labhandih: Air Score = max(0, 100 โ 42) = 58/100
The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) measures vegetation health using satellite imagery:
NIR = Near-Infrared reflectance (Landsat 8/9 Band 5)
Red = Red light reflectance (Landsat 8/9 Band 4)
Range: โ1 (water) to +1 (dense vegetation)
| NDVI Range | Category | Description |
|---|---|---|
| < 0.0 | Water | Water bodies, rivers, ponds |
| 0.0 โ 0.1 | Barren | Bare soil, rock, sand, built-up areas |
| 0.1 โ 0.2 | Sparse | Sparse vegetation, urban green, scattered shrubs |
| 0.2 โ 0.4 | Moderate | Grassland, cropland, gardens, roadside trees |
| 0.4 โ 0.6 | Dense | Dense parks, plantation, forest patches |
| > 0.6 | Very Dense | Closed canopy forest, dense tropical vegetation |
| Component | Raw Value | Sub-Score | Weight | Contribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NDVI Mean | 0.200 | 40/100 | 40% | 16 |
| Vegetation Coverage | 27.6% | 27.6/100 | 30% | 8.28 |
| Dense Green Cover | 11.5% | 23/100 | 20% | 4.6 |
| Parks within 500m | 0 | 0/100 | 10% | 0 |
| Green Cover Score | 28.9/100 | |||
ee.Image.normalizedDifference(['B5', 'B4']) โ per GEE TutorialThe Quiet Score measures how quiet and peaceful an area is, on a scale of 0 to 100. A higher score means a quieter, more livable area โ better for living, sleeping, and overall well-being. It is calculated using real geographic data from OpenStreetMap to determine proximity to noise sources like highways, industries, and railways.
| Parameter | Weight | How It's Scored |
|---|---|---|
| Highway Proximity | 40% | Distance to nearest motorway/trunk/primary road. 0m = 0 points, โฅ2000m = 100 points. Linear interpolation. |
| Industrial Proximity | 25% | Distance to nearest industrial zone. 0m = 0 points, โฅ2000m = 100 points. Linear interpolation. |
| Railway Proximity | 15% | Distance to nearest rail/light rail track. 0m = 0 points, โฅ2000m = 100 points. |
| Highway Density | 10% | Count of major roads within 2km. 0 roads = 100 points, โฅ10 roads = 0 points. |
| Industrial Density | 10% | Count of industrial zones within 2km. 0 zones = 100 points, โฅ5 zones = 0 points. |
Daytime and nighttime noise levels (dB) are estimated using the FHWA Traffic Noise Model (simplified). The model calculates noise attenuation based on distance:
| Source | Reference Level | At 100m | At 500m | At 1000m |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major Highway | 78 dB @ 10m | 58 dB | 44 dB | 38 dB |
| Industrial Zone | 70 dB @ 50m | 64 dB | 50 dB | 44 dB |
| Railway (Leq) | 60 dB @ 25m | 48 dB | 34 dB | 28 dB |
| Airport | 75 dB @ 1km | โ | 81 dB | 75 dB |
Nighttime noise is estimated to be 5โ10 dB lower than daytime (reduced traffic, no industrial operations). Multiple sources are combined using logarithmic addition.
The Central Pollution Control Board classifies areas into 4 noise zones with specific limits:
| Zone | Day Limit | Night Limit | Typical Areas |
|---|---|---|---|
| Industrial | 75 dB | 70 dB | Factory areas, manufacturing hubs (Siltara, Urla) |
| Commercial | 65 dB | 55 dB | Markets, commercial zones (Pandri, Malviya Road) |
| Residential | 55 dB | 45 dB | Housing colonies, wards (Shankar Nagar, Tatibandh) |
| Silence | 50 dB | 40 dB | Near hospitals, schools, courts (within 100m) |
| Score Range | Rating | What It Means |
|---|---|---|
| 80โ100 | Excellent | Very quiet, far from all noise sources โ ideal for families and health-conscious residents |
| 60โ79 | Good | Generally peaceful with minimal noise intrusion โ suitable for comfortable living |
| 40โ59 | Moderate | Some noise from traffic or industrial areas โ consider soundproofing improvements |
| 20โ39 | Below Average | Noticeable noise pollution โ may affect sleep quality and daily comfort |
| 0โ19 | Poor | High noise exposure โ health risks from prolonged exposure (stress, hearing, cardiovascular) |
The Sanitation Score measures the quality and coverage of sanitation infrastructure in an area, on a scale of 0 to 100. A higher score means better sewage treatment, drainage, waste collection, and open-defecation-free (ODF) compliance โ all critical for public health and livability.
| Parameter | Weight | How It's Scored |
|---|---|---|
| ODF Status | 20% | ODF++ = 100, ODF+ = 70, ODF = 40. Based on SBM Urban certification level. ODF++ means no open defecation plus solid & liquid waste management. |
| Sewage Treatment Coverage | 30% | Direct percentage value (0โ100%). Measures the proportion of area connected to sewage treatment plants (STPs). Higher coverage means less untreated sewage discharge. |
| Drainage Coverage | 25% | Direct percentage value (0โ100%). Measures the extent of paved/covered storm-water drains. Better drainage prevents waterlogging and disease vectors. |
| Waste Collection | 15% | Daily (2x) = 100, Daily = 80, Alternate Day = 50. Reflects frequency and reliability of door-to-door waste collection by the municipal body. |
| Sewage Disposal Method | 10% | Centralized STP = 100, STP Connected = 80, Septic Tank = 50, Open Drain = 10. Measures how responsibly sewage effluent is handled before discharge. |
The Swachh Bharat Mission Urban uses a three-tier ODF certification framework:
| Level | Criteria | Score |
|---|---|---|
| ODF++ | No open defecation + all sewage/septage safely treated + proper fecal sludge management | 100 |
| ODF+ | No open defecation + no untreated sewage/septage discharged into water bodies/open drains | 70 |
| ODF | No open defecation โ all households have access to toilets and use them | 40 |
| Score Range | Rating | What It Means |
|---|---|---|
| 80โ100 | Excellent | Comprehensive sanitation coverage โ ODF++ certified, high sewage treatment, reliable waste collection |
| 60โ79 | Good | Good infrastructure with room for improvement โ most areas connected to STPs, daily waste collection |
| 40โ59 | Moderate | Basic sanitation in place but gaps in coverage โ some open drains, partial sewage treatment |
| 20โ39 | Below Average | Significant gaps in sanitation โ poor drainage, infrequent waste collection, septic-tank-dependent |
| 0โ19 | Poor | Severe sanitation deficits โ open defecation areas, untreated sewage discharge, disease risk |
The Flood Risk Score measures an area's vulnerability to river flooding and urban waterlogging. Lower score = safer area.
| Parameter | Weight | Description | Risk โ Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| River Flood Risk | 50% | Proximity to rivers (Kharun, Pairy, Seonath) and flood history | Low = 10, Low-Medium = 25, Medium = 40, High = 70, Very High = 85 |
| Urban Waterlogging | 50% | Storm-water drainage adequacy and monsoon waterlogging history | Low = 10, Low-Medium = 25, Medium = 40, High = 70, Very High = 85 |
Flood Risk Score = (River Flood ร 50%) + (Waterlogging ร 50%)
| Zone | Area | River Flood | Waterlogging | Overall | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zone 4 | Civil Lines/Sadarbazar | Low | Low | ๐ข Lowest | 10 |
| Zone 10 | Kamhal Vihar/Devpuri | Low | Low | ๐ข Lowest | 10 |
| Zone 8 | Tatibandh/Mahadevahat | Low-Medium | Low | ๐ก Low-Medium | 17.5 |
| Zone 1 | North-West | Medium | Low | ๐ก Low-Medium | 25 |
| Zone 5 | Dangania/South | Medium | Medium | ๐ก Medium | 40 |
| Zone 6 | Bhathagaon/Tikrapara | Medium | Medium | ๐ก Medium | 40 |
| Zone 2 | Railway/Pandri | Medium | High | ๐ด High | 55 |
| Zone 3 | Shankar Nagar/Telibandha | Medium | High | ๐ด High | 55 |
| Zone 7 | Tatya Para/Geeta Nagar | Medium | High | ๐ด High | 55 |
| Zone 9 | Saddu/Mowa/Kachna | High | High | ๐ด Highest | 70 |
The Livability Report is a single number (0โ100) that represents the overall quality of life in a neighbourhood. It is the simple average of all available sub-scores.
Livability Report = Average of all available sub-scores100 โ AQI (lower AQI = better air = higher score)100 โ flood_risk_score (lower risk = safer = higher score)100 โ earthquake_score (lower risk = safer = higher score)
| # | Parameter | Source | Conversion for Composite |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Air Quality | Google AQI / AQICN | 100 โ AQI (AQI 41 โ 59) |
| 2 | Water Quality | BIS IS-10500 parameters | Direct (0โ100) |
| 3 | Sanitation | RMC/NRANVP sanitation data | Direct (0โ100) |
| 4 | Amenities | Google Places API | Direct (0โ100) |
| 5 | Quiet Score | Noise level analysis | Direct (0โ100) |
| 6 | Green Cover | NDVI satellite analysis | Direct (0โ100) |
| 7 | Flood Risk | NDMA/ThinkHazard | 100 โ score (risk 10 โ 90) |
| 8 | Earthquake Risk | BIS IS-1893/NDMA | 100 โ score (risk 10 โ 90) |
Infrastructure score is planned but not yet included. Only parameters with available data are averaged โ NULL values are skipped, not treated as zero.
| Grade | Score Range | Meaning | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | 80โ100 | Excellent livability | Top-tier neighbourhood. Premium pricing justified. Ideal for families. |
| B | 60โ79 | Good livability | Well-served area. Good balance of infrastructure and environment. Recommended for most buyers. |
| C | 40โ59 | Average livability | Some gaps in amenities or environment. Check specific weak parameters before deciding. |
| D | 20โ39 | Below average | Significant gaps. Suitable only if specific advantages (price, location) outweigh livability concerns. |
| F | 0โ19 | Poor livability | Major livability issues. Not recommended for residential investment without significant improvement plans. |
The Earthquake Risk Score measures an area's seismic vulnerability based on soil type and amplification potential. Lower score = safer area.
Since all of Raipur is uniformly Zone II, the only meaningful differentiator is soil type. Soft, saturated, or filled soils amplify distant earthquake shaking more than hard alluvial or laterite soils. This is called site amplification effect per IS 1893.
Score = Soil-based raw risk (1โ5) mapped to 0โ100 scale| Raw Score | Earthquake Score | Soil Type | Risk Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1/5 | 10 | Hard alluvial / laterite / rock | ๐ข Low |
| 2/5 | 25 | Soft alluvial / fill / saturated riverine | ๐ก Low-Medium |
| 3/5 | 45 | Mixed weak soil | ๐ Medium |
| 4/5 | 65 | Very soft / liquefiable | ๐ด High |
| 5/5 | 85 | Extreme soft / reclaimed | ๐ด Very High |
| Zone | Area | Soil Type | Liquefaction | Risk | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zone 1 | North-West Raipur | Hard alluvial | None | ๐ข Low | 10 |
| Zone 2 | Railway/Pandri | Old fill / made land | Low | ๐ก Low-Medium | 25 |
| Zone 3 | Shankar Nagar/Telibandha | Mixed alluvial, lake-fringe | None | ๐ข Low | 10 |
| Zone 4 | Civil Lines/Sadarbazar | Hard alluvial | None | ๐ข Low | 10 |
| Zone 5 | Dangania/South | Mixed alluvial | None | ๐ข Low | 10 |
| Zone 6 | Bhathagaon/Tikrapara | Mixed alluvial | None | ๐ข Low | 10 |
| Zone 7 | Tatya Para/Geeta Nagar | Soft alluvial (Kharun corridor) | Low | ๐ก Low-Medium | 25 |
| Zone 8 | Tatibandh/Mahadevahat | Hard alluvial | None | ๐ข Low | 10 |
| Zone 9 | Saddu/Mowa/Kachna | Soft saturated riverine | Medium | ๐ก Low-Medium | 25 |
| Zone 10 | Kamhal Vihar/Devpuri | Hard alluvial, plateau approach | None | ๐ข Low | 10 |
| Nava Raipur (all sectors): Hard laterite / rock โ ๐ข Low (score: 10) โ Best seismic profile | |||||
The Land Surface Temperature (LST) Score measures the thermal comfort of an area from satellite data. Lower surface temperature = higher score (better livability).
LST Score = max(0, min(100, ((45 - mean_temp) / 25) ร 100))| Mean LST (ยฐC) | Score | Category |
|---|---|---|
| โค 20ยฐC | 100 | โ๏ธ Cool โ Perfect |
| 25ยฐC | 80 | ๐ค๏ธ Comfortable |
| 30ยฐC | 60 | ๐ค๏ธ Moderate |
| 35ยฐC | 40 | โ๏ธ Warm |
| 40ยฐC | 20 | ๐ฅ Hot |
| โฅ 45ยฐC | 0 | ๐ฅ Extreme Heat |
The Open Area Score measures the percentage of non-built-up land โ open spaces, parks, vegetation and room to breathe. Higher open space percentage = higher score.
Open Area Score = 100 - builtup_percentage| Open Space % | Built-up % | Score | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| 90-100% | 0-10% | 90-100 | ๐ณ Spacious |
| 70-90% | 10-30% | 70-90 | ๐ก Very Open |
| 50-70% | 30-50% | 50-70 | ๐๏ธ Moderate |
| 30-50% | 50-70% | 30-50 | ๐๏ธ Limited |
| 10-30% | 70-90% | 10-30 | ๐๏ธ Very Limited |
| 0-10% | 90-100% | 0-10 | ๐ข Extremely Dense |
The Nighttime Lights (NTL) Score measures urban illumination intensity as a proxy for infrastructure quality and economic activity. Higher radiance = higher score (better infrastructure).
NTL Score = min(100, (avg_radiance / 50) ร 100)| Avg Radiance (nW/cmยฒ/sr) | Score | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 0-5 | 0-10 | ๐ Dark โ Minimal infrastructure |
| 5-15 | 10-30 | ๐ Dim โ Rural/developing |
| 15-25 | 30-50 | ๐ Moderate โ Residential |
| 25-35 | 50-70 | ๐ก Bright โ Active commercial |
| 35-50 | 70-100 | ๐ก Very Bright โ Major hub |
| โฅ 50 | 100 | ๐ก Maximum โ City centre |
The Water Bodies Score measures the presence of surface water (lakes, ponds, rivers, reservoirs) in and around an area. More water bodies = higher score (better livability).
Permanent Score = min(100, (permanent_water_pct / 10) ร 100)Seasonal Score = min(100, (seasonal_water_pct / 15) ร 100)Water Score = (Permanent ร 0.7) + (Seasonal ร 0.3)| Permanent Water % | Approx Score | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 0% | 0 | ๐๏ธ No water bodies |
| 0.1-1% | 7-10 | ๐ฆ Minimal |
| 1-3% | 10-30 | ๐ง Some water |
| 3-5% | 30-50 | ๐ง Moderate |
| 5-10% | 50-100 | ๐ Significant water |
| โฅ 10% | 100 | ๐ Maximum โ Lakefront |
The Population Density Score measures how crowded a neighbourhood is based on gridded population estimates. Lower density = higher score (less congestion, more space).
Pop Density Score = max(0, ((20000 - density_per_kmยฒ) / 20000) ร 100)| Density (people/kmยฒ) | Score | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 0-2,000 | 90-100 | ๐ก Low Density โ Spacious |
| 2,000-5,000 | 75-90 | ๐ก Moderate-Low |
| 5,000-8,000 | 60-75 | ๐๏ธ Moderate |
| 8,000-12,000 | 40-60 | ๐๏ธ Dense |
| 12,000-18,000 | 10-40 | ๐ข Very Dense |
| โฅ 20,000 | 0 | ๐ข Extremely Dense |
The Groundwater Score evaluates underground water balance and recharge conditions using high-resolution satellite-derived climate data. Higher soil moisture, positive recharge, and wetter PDSI = higher score.
| Parameter | Weight | Scoring Range |
|---|---|---|
| Soil Moisture (mm) | 30% | 0 = 0, 200+ = 100 |
| GW Recharge (mm/yr) | 25% | โ200 = 0, +400 = 100 |
| PDSI (drought index) | 20% | โ4 = 0, +4 = 100 |
| SM Trend (mm change) | 15% | โ50 = 0, +50 = 100 |
| Precipitation (mm/yr) | 10% | 800 = 0, 1800 = 100 |
Score = (SMร0.30) + (Rechargeร0.25) + (PDSIร0.20) + (Trendร0.15) + (Precipร0.10)
The Risk Factor Score evaluates ground-level risks that affect livability โ environmental hazards, drainage issues, pollution sources, infrastructure gaps, zoning problems, safety concerns, and more. Lower score = fewer risks = safer area.
| Category | What's Checked |
|---|---|
| Environmental Hazards | Landfills, open drains, garbage dumps, sewage overflow, industrial waste |
| Water & Drainage | Waterlogging zones, flood-prone areas, contaminated wells, blocked drainage |
| Air Pollution Sources | Industrial zones, brick kilns, heavy traffic corridors, crematoriums, quarries |
| Infrastructure Stress | Power outage zones, poor roads, unlit areas, no sewerage, water supply gaps |
| Land & Zoning Risks | HT power lines, pipelines, unauthorised colonies, disputed land, zoning changes |
| Safety & Social | Crime clusters, abandoned areas, encroachment zones |
| Future Threats | Land acquisition notices, planned industrial corridors, highway widening |
| Health & Nuisance | Slaughterhouses, tanneries, poultry farms, stagnant water, noise sources |
| Accessibility Risks | Far from emergency services, monsoon cutoff zones, no public transit |
Each risk factor has a severity weight:
| Severity | Weight | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Low | 5 | Minor nuisance, far away |
| Medium | 12 | Moderate impact within area |
| High | 20 | Significant hazard nearby |
| Critical | 25 | Severe, immediate proximity |
Category Score = Sum of severity weights for all identified risks (capped at 100)Overall Score = Average of all 9 category scoresThe Infrastructure Score evaluates urban development quality using 9 satellite datasets โ assessing built-up density, building heights, nighttime illumination, road surfaces, terrain, greenery, and urbanization level. Higher score = better infrastructure.
| Parameter | Weight | Scoring Logic |
|---|---|---|
| Urbanization Index (SMOD) | 20% | Direct 0โ100 scale from GHSL SMOD |
| Built-up Density (ESA) | 15% | Optimal 30โ60%; 0%=0, 60%=100, >60% declines |
| Nighttime Light Stability | 15% | Stability index ร 100 (proxy for reliable power) |
| Avg Building Height (GHSL) | 10% | 0m=0, 10m=100 (taller = better vertical infra) |
| Impervious Surface % | 10% | Optimal 10โ40%; >40% declines (roads/concrete) |
| Nighttime Radiance (VIIRS) | 10% | 0=0, 50 nW/cmยฒ/sr=100 (electrification proxy) |
| Terrain Slope (ALOS DEM) | 10% | Flat=100, steep declines (road-building ease) |
| Green Cover (Tree+Grass) | 10% | 0%=0, 30%=100 (livability greenery balance) |
Score = Weighted average of available parameters (NULL values excluded)
The Walkability Score measures how pedestrian-friendly an area is based on the presence and quality of walking infrastructure, road safety features, street lighting, and road surface quality. Scored on a 0โ100 scale (higher = more walkable).
Each sub-score is individually normalised to 0โ100 using capped counts, then the weighted sum produces the final score. This is a special experimental parameter not included in the composite livability score.
| Sub-Score | Weight | Components | Normalisation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pedestrian Infrastructure | 30% |
|
min(count / cap ร 100, 100) |
| Road Safety | 25% |
|
min(count / cap ร 100, 100) |
| Street Lighting | 20% |
|
max(lamp_score, lit_road_score ร 0.7) |
| Road Quality | 25% |
|
paved / (paved + unpaved) ร 100 |
| Score Range | Rating | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 80 โ 100 | Excellent | Highly walkable with complete pedestrian infrastructure |
| 60 โ 79 | Good | Good walking conditions with minor gaps |
| 40 โ 59 | Moderate | Basic walkability โ some infrastructure missing |
| 0 โ 39 | Poor | Limited walkability โ significant infrastructure gaps |
OpenStreetMap (Overpass API)
All walkability infrastructure data is sourced from OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API. Features like sidewalks, pedestrian zones, crosswalks, traffic signals, street lamps, and road surface tags are queried within each area's geographic boundary.
The Safety Score evaluates the availability and proximity of emergency services โ police, fire, hospitals, and pharmacies โ within an area. Scored on a 0โ100 scale (higher = safer / better covered).
Each sub-score is normalised to 0โ100 using count and proximity scoring with distance-based decay. This is a special experimental parameter not included in the composite livability score.
| Sub-Score | Weight | How It's Scored | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Police Presence | 20% |
|
Binary presence check: scores 100 if any police station exists nearby (OSM or Google data), 0 otherwise. |
| Fire Station Response | 15% |
|
Binary presence check: scores 100 if any fire station exists nearby (OSM or Google Maps data), 0 otherwise. |
| Hospital Access | 35% |
|
Includes hospitals and clinics from Google Maps data. Highest weighted sub-score because healthcare proximity is critical. |
| Pharmacy & First Aid | 15% |
|
Minimum service check capped at 2. Pharmacies provide first-line medical access. |
| Emergency Coverage | 15% |
|
Binary check: does the area have at least one of each emergency service type? Max 100 if all four present. |
| Score Range | Rating | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 80 โ 100 | Excellent | Comprehensive emergency coverage with nearby services |
| 60 โ 79 | Good | Good emergency access with minor gaps |
| 40 โ 59 | Moderate | Partial coverage โ some services distant or absent |
| 0 โ 39 | Poor | Limited emergency infrastructure โ significant gaps |
Google Maps Places API + OpenStreetMap
Emergency services data is sourced from Google Maps Places API (police stations, fire stations, hospitals, clinics, pharmacies) enriched with OpenStreetMap amenity data. Distance calculations use the Haversine formula from each area's centroid to the nearest service locations.